• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)-based modules targeting criminogenic needs (8–16 weeks).
• Substance use treatment integrated with contingency management and MAT where appropriate.

Criminology is the scientific study of crime as a social phenomenon. Paranjape outlines several schools of criminological thought to explain why individuals deviate from societal norms: criminology penology and victimology n.v. paranjape pdf

1. Holistic approach: Paranjape advocates for a holistic approach to understanding crime, punishment, and victimization, taking into account the complex interplay of factors that contribute to these phenomena.
2. Rehabilitation and reintegration: The book emphasizes the importance of rehabilitating and reintegrating offenders into society, rather than simply punishing them.
3. Victim-centered approach: Paranjape's work highlights the need for a victim-centered approach to crime and justice, prioritizing the needs and rights of victims.
4. Critical analysis of existing systems: The book provides a critical analysis of existing crime and punishment systems, highlighting their limitations and potential for reform.