And Development | Pharmacology In Drug Discovery

The story of drug discovery is a high-stakes journey that transforms a biological mystery into a life-saving medicine. This process typically takes 10–15 years , costs roughly $2.8 billion

1. Identifying the Biological Villain (Target Identification) pharmacology in drug discovery and development

• Xenograft models for cancer (human tumor implanted in mouse).
• STZ-induced diabetes for glucose-lowering agents.
• MPTP models for Parkinson’s disease.

• In Vitro Testing: Using cell cultures to determine potency (how strongly the drug binds) and efficacy (how well it produces a response).
• Selectivity Profiling: Ensuring the drug doesn't hit other targets, which could cause dangerous side effects.